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Install CLI and Keptn

Create or bring a Kubernetes cluster

Keptn can run on top of virtually any Kubernetes cluster. It can be installed in its own namespace on an existing Kubernetes cluster or on it’s own cluster. You can also deploy the Keptn Control Plane on one Kubernetes cluster and deploy the Keptn Execution Plane on another Kubernetes cluster; see Multi-cluster setup for details.

Before you install a new Kubernetes cluster, you must install the kubectl utility.

Some of the more popular Kubernetes options are listed below with links to installation instructions. This includes major commercial Kubernetes providers as well as k3s and k3d, which allow you to install a small Kubernetes cluster on your laptop for study and demonstration purposes.

  • Create AKS cluster by following the guide here
  • Recommended node size: One D8s_v3 node
  • Create EKS cluster following by following the guide here
  • Recommended node size: One m5.2xlarge node

Run your Keptn installation for free on GKE! If you sign up for a Google Cloud account, Google gives you an initial $300 credit. For deploying Keptn, you can apply for an additional $200 credit, which you can use towards that GKE cluster needed to run Keptn. Apply for your credit here

  • Create GKE cluster by following the guide here
  • Recommended node size: One node with 8 vCPUs and 32 GB memory (e.g., one n1-standard-8 node)
    • Image type Ubuntu or COS (Note: If you plan to use Dynatrace monitoring, select ubuntu for a more convenient setup./)

OpenShift 4

  1. Please bring your own OpenShift cluster in version 4 (tested version: 4.5)

  2. Install local tools

  1. Currently, there is the known limitation that the MongoDB of Keptn does not start. Please follow the troubleshooting guide provided here: MongoDB on OpenShift 4 fails.

OpenShift 3.11

  1. Please bring your own OpenShift cluster in version 3.11

  2. Install local tools

  1. On the OpenShift master node, execute the following steps:

    • Set up the required permissions for your user:

    oc adm policy –as system:admin add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin <OPENSHIFT_USER_NAME>

    
- Set up the required permissions for the installer pod:

```console
oc adm policy  add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin system:serviceaccount:default:default
oc adm policy  add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default

    • Enable admission WebHooks on your OpenShift master node:

    sudo -i cp -n /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml.backup oc ex config patch /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml –type=merge -p ‘{ “admissionConfig”: { “pluginConfig”: { “ValidatingAdmissionWebhook”: { “configuration”: { “apiVersion”: “apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1”, “kind”: “WebhookAdmission”, “kubeConfigFile”: “/dev/null” } }, “MutatingAdmissionWebhook”: { “configuration”: { “apiVersion”: “apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1”, “kind”: “WebhookAdmission”, “kubeConfigFile”: “/dev/null” } } } } }’ >/etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml.patched if [ $? == 0 ]; then mv -f /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml.patched /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml /usr/local/bin/master-restart api && /usr/local/bin/master-restart controllers else exit fi

Please refer to the official homepage of K3s for detailed installation instructions. Here, a short guide on how to run Keptn on K3s is provided for a Linux environment. Note: If you are using macOS, you will need to run K3s using multipass and as explained here.

  1. Download, install K3s (tested with versions 1.17 to 1.21) and run K3s using the following command:

    curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.20.4+k3s1 K3S_KUBECONFIG_MODE="644" sh -s - --no-deploy=traefik

    This installs version v1.20.4+k3s1 (please refer to the K3s GitHub releases page for newer releases), sets file permissions 644 on /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml and disables traefik as an ingress controller.

  2. Export the Kubernetes profile using

    export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml

  3. Verify that the connection to the cluster works

    kubectl get nodes

Please refer to the official homepage of K3d for detailed installation instructions. Here, a short guide on how to run Keptn on K3d is provided for a Linux environment.

Note: Docker is required to use k3d. k3d v5.x.x requires at least Docker v20.10.5 (runc >= v1.0.0-rc93) to work properly.

You must install kubectl before installing K3d. This is used to interact with the Kubernetes cluster.

  1. Download, install K3d (tested with v5.3.0) and run K3d using the following command:

    curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rancher/k3d/main/install.sh | TAG=v5.3.0 bash

    This installs version v5.3.0 (please refer to the K3d GitHub releases page for newer releases).

  2. Create a cluster called My keptn which has port fowarding and disables the traffic, which is a ingress gateaway.

    k3d cluster create mykeptn -p "8082:80@loadbalancer" --k3s-arg "--no-deploy=traefik@server:*"

  3. Verify that the connection to the cluster works

    kubectl get nodes

  1. Download and install Minikube (tested with versions 1.3 to 1.10).

  2. Create a new Minikube profile (named keptn) with at least 6 CPU cores and 14 GB memory using:

    minikube start -p keptn --cpus 6 --memory 14000

  3. (Optional) Start the Minikube LoadBalancer service in a second terminal by executing:

    minikube tunnel

Keptn runs on any other Kubernetes distribution as it only consists of Kubernetes deployments, services, RBAC rules, and PVCs. If you are facing problems, please let us know on https://slack.keptn.sh.

Install Keptn CLI

Every Keptn release provides binaries for the Keptn CLI. These binaries are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows.

  • Download the version for your operating system from: GitHub

  • Unpack the archive

  • Find the keptn binary in the unpacked directory

    • Linux / macOS: Add executable permissions (chmod +x keptn), and move it to the desired destination (e.g. mv keptn /usr/local/bin/keptn)

    • Windows: Copy the executable to the desired folder and add the executable to your PATH environment variable.

  • Now, verify that the installation has worked and that the version is correct by running:

    • Linux / macOS
    keptn version
    • Windows
    .\keptn.exe version

Note: For the rest of the documentation we will stick to the Linux / macOS version of the commands.

Install Keptn

Keptn consists of a Control Plane and an Execution Plane:

  • The Control Plane allows using Keptn for the Quality Gates and Automated Operations use cases. To install the control plane containing the components for quality gates and automated operations, execute:

    helm repo add keptn https://charts.keptn.sh
helm repo update
helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion

    where, $KeptnVersion is the version of Keptn you want to install.

  • The Control Plane with the Execution Plane (for Continuous Delivery) allows to implement Continuous Delivery on top of quality gates and automated operations use cases. Please not that for this use-case Istio is required as well, as this is used for traffic routing between blue/green versions during deployment. To install the control plane with the execution plane for continuous delivery, execute:

    helm repo add keptn https://charts.keptn.sh
helm repo update
helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion --create-namespace --set=continuous-delivery.enabled=true

where, $KeptnVersion is the version of Keptn you want to install.

Access options

Before installing Keptn on your cluster, please also consider how you would like to access Keptn. Kubernetes provides the following four options:

  • Option 1: Expose Keptn via an LoadBalancer
  • Option 2: Expose Keptn via a NodePort
  • Option 3: Expose Keptn via a Ingress
  • Option 4: Access Keptn via a Port-forward

An overview of the four options is provided in the graphic below and the respective steps of all options are described below.

Installation options
Installation options

Option 1: Expose Keptn via a LoadBalancer

This option exposes Keptn externally using a cloud provider’s load balancer (if available).

  1. Install Keptn: For installing Keptn on your cluster, please use the Helm CLI. Depending on whether you would like to install the execution plane for continuous delivery, add the flag continuous-delivery.enabled=true.
 helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion --create-namespace --set=continuous-delivery.enabled=true,control-plane.apiGatewayNginx.type=LoadBalancer
  1. Get Keptn endpoint: Get the EXTERNAL-IP of the api-gateway-ngix using the command below. The Keptn API endpoint is: http://<ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>/api
kubectl -n keptn get service api-gateway-nginx

NAME                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP                  PORT(S)   AGE
api-gateway-nginx   ClusterIP   10.117.0.20   <ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>    80/TCP    44m

*Optional:* Store Keptn API endpoint in an environment variable.

For Linux and Mac:
```console
KEPTN_ENDPOINT=http://<ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>/api
```

For Windows:
```console
$Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT = 'http://<ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>/api'
```

⚠️ Warning: If you do not set up TLS encryption, all your traffic to and from the Keptn endpoint is not encrypted.

Option 2: Expose Keptn via a NodePort

This option exposes Keptn on each Kubernetes Node’s IP at a static port. Therefore, please make sure that you can access the Kubernetes Nodes in your network.

  1. Install Keptn: For installing Keptn on your cluster, please use the Keptn CLI. Depending on whether you would like to install the execution plane for continuous delivery, add the flag continuous-delivery.enabled=true.
helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion --create-namespace --set=continuous-delivery.enabled=true,control-plane.apiGatewayNginx.type=NodePort

  1. Get Keptn endpoint: Get the mapped port of the api-gateway-nginx using the command below.

    API_PORT=$(kubectl get svc api-gateway-nginx -n keptn -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http")].nodePort}')

    Next, get the internal or external IP address of any Kubernetes node:

    EXTERNAL_NODE_IP=$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{ $.items[0].status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address }')
INTERNAL_NODE_IP=$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{ $.items[0].status.addresses[?(@.type=="InternalIP")].address }')

    The Keptn API endpoint (either via the internal or external IP; try both if unsure) is: http://${INTERNAL_NODE_IP}:${API_PORT}/api or http://${EXTERNAL_NODE_IP}:${API_PORT}/api

    Optional: Store Keptn API endpoint in an environment variable.

    For Linux and Mac:

    KEPTN_ENDPOINT=http://${EXTERNAL_NODE_IP}:${API_PORT}/api

    For Windows:

    $Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT = 'http://${EXTERNAL_NODE_IP}:${API_PORT}/api'

⚠️ Warning: If you do not set up TLS encryption, all your traffic to and from the Keptn endpoint is not encrypted.

Option 3: Expose Keptn via an Ingress

  1. Install Keptn: For installing Keptn on your cluster, please use the Keptn CLI. Depending on whether you would like to install the execution plane for continuous delivery, add the flag continuous-delivery.enabled=true.
helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion --create-namespace --set=continuous-delivery.enabled=true

  1. Install an Ingress-Controller and create an Ingress: Please first install your favorite Ingress-Controller and then apply an Ingress object in the keptn namespace, which points to the service api-gateway-nginx on port 80. Note that the Kubernetes Ingress allows to setup TLS encryption. Note: Using Openshift 3.11 requires to use a configuration for this platform.

    Commonly used Ingress-Controller are e.g. Istio and NGINX:

    kubectl -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway

    
* Create an `ingress-manifest.yaml` manifest for an Ingress object in which you set IP-ADDRESS or your hostname and then apply the manifest. (**Note:** In the example below, `nip.io` is used as wildcard DNS for the IP address.)

```yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
  kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio
name: api-keptn-ingress
namespace: keptn
spec:
rules:
- host: <IP-ADDRESS>.nip.io
  http:
    paths:
    - path: /
      pathType: Prefix
      backend:
        service:
          name: api-gateway-nginx
          port:
            number: 80

    kubectl apply -f ingress-manifest.yaml

    kubectl -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway

    
* Create an `ingress-manifest.yaml` manifest for an Ingress object in which you set IP-ADDRESS or your hostname and then apply the manifest. (**Note:** In the example below, `nip.io` is used as wildcard DNS for the IP address.)

```yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
  kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio
name: api-keptn-ingress
namespace: keptn
spec:
rules:
- host: <IP-ADDRESS>.nip.io
  http:
    paths:
    - backend:
        serviceName: api-gateway-nginx
        servicePort: 80

    kubectl apply -f ingress-manifest.yaml

    kubectl -n ingress-nginx get svc ingress-nginx

    
* Create an `ingress-manifest.yaml` manifest for an ingress object in which you set IP-ADDRESS or your hostname and then apply the manifest. (**Note:** In the example below, `nip.io` is used as wildcard DNS for the IP address.)

```yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
  kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
name: api-keptn-ingress
namespace: keptn
spec:
rules:
- host: <IP-ADDRESS>.nip.io
  http:
    paths:
    - path: /
      pathType: Prefix
      backend:
        service:
          name: api-gateway-nginx
          port:
            number: 80

    kubectl apply -f ingress-manifest.yaml

    kubectl -n ingress-nginx get svc ingress-nginx

    
* Create an `ingress-manifest.yaml` manifest for an ingress object in which you set IP-ADDRESS or your hostname and then apply the manifest. (**Note:** In the example below, `nip.io` is used as wildcard DNS for the IP address.)

```yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
  kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
name: api-keptn-ingress
namespace: keptn
spec:
rules:
- host: <IP-ADDRESS>.nip.io
  http:
    paths:
    - backend:
        serviceName: api-gateway-nginx
        servicePort: 80

    kubectl apply -f ingress-manifest.yaml

  2. Get Keptn endpoint: Get the HOST of the api-keptn-ingress using the command below. The Keptn API endpoint is: http://<HOST>/api

kubectl -n keptn get ingress api-keptn-ingress ```

```console

NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE api-keptn-ingress x.x.x.x 80 48m ```

*Optional:* Store Keptn API endpoint in an environment variable.

For Linux and Mac:
```console
KEPTN_ENDPOINT=http://<HOST>/api
```

For Windows:
```console
$Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT = 'http://<HOST>/api'
```

⚠️ Warning: If you do not set up TLS encryption, all your traffic to and from the Keptn endpoint is not encrypted.

Option 4: Access Keptn via a Port-forward

This option does not expose Keptn to the public but exposes Keptn on a cluster-internal IP.

  1. Install Keptn: For installing Keptn on your cluster, please use the Keptn CLI. Depending on whether you would like to install the execution plane for continuous delivery, add the flag continuous-delivery.enabled=true.
helm install keptn keptn/keptn -n keptn --version=$KeptnVersion --create-namespace --set=continuous-delivery.enabled=true
  1. Setup a Port-Forward: Configure the port-forward by using the command below.
kubectl -n keptn port-forward service/api-gateway-nginx 8080:80

```console
kubectl -n keptn port-forward service/api-gateway-nginx 8080:80 --address 0.0.0.0
```

  1. Get Keptn endpoint: The Keptn API endpoint is: http://localhost:8080/api

    Optional: Store Keptn API endpoint in an environment variable:

    KEPTN_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8080/api

Authenticate Keptn CLI

To authenticate the Keptn CLI against the Keptn cluster, the exposed Keptn endpoint and API token are required. After installing Keptn, you already have your Keptn endpoint.

  • Set the environment variable KEPTN_API_TOKEN:
KEPTN_API_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret keptn-api-token -n keptn -ojsonpath={.data.keptn-api-token} | base64 --decode)
  • To authenticate the CLI against the Keptn cluster, use the keptn auth command:
keptn auth --endpoint=$KEPTN_ENDPOINT --api-token=$KEPTN_API_TOKEN

Note: If you receive a warning Using a file-based storage for the key because the password-store seems to be not set up. this is because a password store could not be found in your environment. In this case, the credentials are stored in ~/.keptn/.password-store in your home directory.

Please expand the corresponding section matching your CLI tool:

For the Windows PowerShell, a small script is provided that installs the PSYaml module and sets the environment variables.

  • Set the environment variable KEPTN_ENDPOINT:
$Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT = 'http://<ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>/api'
  • Copy the following snippet and paste it in the PowerShell. The snippet retrieves the API token and sets the environment variable KEPTN_API_TOKEN:
$tokenEncoded = $(kubectl get secret keptn-api-token -n keptn -ojsonpath='{.data.keptn-api-token}')
$Env:KEPTN_API_TOKEN = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($tokenEncoded))
  • To authenticate the CLI against the Keptn cluster, use the keptn auth command:
keptn auth --endpoint=$Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT --api-token=$Env:KEPTN_API_TOKEN

In the Windows Command Line, a couple of steps are necessary.

  • Set the environment variable KEPTN_ENDPOINT:
set KEPTN_ENDPOINT=http://<ENDPOINT_OF_API_GATEWAY>/api
  • Get the Keptn API Token encoded in base64:
kubectl get secret keptn-api-token -n keptn -ojsonpath={.data.keptn-api-token}

abcdefghijkladfaea

  • Take the encoded API token - it is the value from the key keptn-api-token (in this example, it is abcdefghijkladfaea) and save it in a text file, e.g., keptn-api-token-base64.txt

  • Decode the file:

certutil -decode keptn-api-token-base64.txt keptn-api-token.txt
  • Open the newly created file keptn-api-token.txt, copy the value and paste it into the next command:
set KEPTN_API_TOKEN=keptn-api-token
  • To authenticate the CLI against the Keptn cluster, use the keptn auth command:
keptn.exe auth --endpoint=$Env:KEPTN_ENDPOINT --api-token=$Env:KEPTN_API_TOKEN

Authenticate Keptn Bridge

After installing and exposing Keptn, you can access the Keptn Bridge by using a browser and navigating to the Keptn endpoint without the api path at the end of the URL. You can also use the Keptn CLI to retrieve the Bridge URL using:

keptn status

The Keptn Bridge has basic authentication enabled by default and the default user is keptn with an automatically generated password.

  • To get the username for authentication, execute:
kubectl get secret -n keptn bridge-credentials -o jsonpath="{.data.BASIC_AUTH_USERNAME}" | base64 --decode
  • To get the password for authentication, execute:
kubectl get secret -n keptn bridge-credentials -o jsonpath="{.data.BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD}" | base64 --decode
  • If you want to change the user and password for the authentication, follow the instructions here.

Change how to expose Keptn

If you would like to change the way of exposing Keptn, you can do this by re-installing Keptn and selecting the desired configuration. When the CLI asks you if you would like to overwrite the installation, confirm this with yes. This will keep all your data including the Git repos and events.

Advanced: Install Keptn using the Helm chart

Please see our guide at Advanced Installation Options for more information.

Troubleshooting

  1. Verify the Keptn installation.

  2. Generate a support-archive and ask for help in our Slack channel.

  3. Uninstall Keptn by executing the keptn uninstall command before conducting a re-installation.

You may run into issues that are caused by the way your Kubernetes cluster is set up and configured. You should learn the basics of Kubernetes, and know about pods, deployments, PVCs (Persistent Volume Claims), storage classes, ingress, and so forth. You should also learn how to do basic Kubernetes troubleshooting.

If you cannot initialize your Keptn installation, try running the following command:

kubectl get pods -n keptn

If you see that some pods are pending or crashing, use kubectl to check on the status of those pods. A common problem is your PVC (Persistent Volume Claim) is not configured correctly so nodes running services that need storage (such as mongodb and the configuration-service) cannot launch because they do not have access to storage.

Install Keptn using the Helm chart

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